中学英语12个核心知识点汇总！初中三年都够用，考试前务必看一遍
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小学英语靠积累，中学英语靠体系。很多孩子小学成绩不错，一到初中就下滑，不是不努力，而是语法没打通。今天整理12个中学英语核心知识点，附例句和易错提醒，家长可以转给孩子，考前看一遍很实用。
01一、一般现在时 vs 现在进行时
一般现在时：表示经常、习惯、真理。
I go to school by bike.
She likes English.
注意：主语是第三人称单数，动词加 -s 或 -es。
现在进行时：表示现在正在做。
结构：be + doing。
I am doing my homework.
标志词：now, look, listen。
易错：like, know, want 等状态动词一般不用进行时。
02二、一般过去时 vs 现在完成时
一般过去时：过去某时发生，和现在没关系。
标志词：yesterday, last week, in 2020。
I visited Beijing last year.
现在完成时：过去发生，对现在有影响；或从过去持续到现在。
结构：have / has + 过去分词。
标志词：already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for。
I have finished my homework.
I have lived here for ten years.
易错：yesterday 不能和现在完成时连用。
03三、一般将来时
两种常见结构：
will + 动词原形
be going to + 动词原形
计划打算，多用 be going to；临时决定，多用 will。
I will call you tomorrow.
She is going to visit her grandma.
There be 句型将来时：
There will be a meeting tomorrow.
There is going to be a football match.
06四、被动语态
结构：be + 过去分词。
一般现在时被动：am / is / are + done
The classroom is cleaned every day.
一般过去时被动：was / were + done
The book was written by Lu Xun.
含情态动词被动：can / must / should + be + done
The work must be finished today.
易错：happen, take place 等不及物动词没有被动语态。
07五、情态动词
常见情态动词：can, must, may, should, need。
情态动词后加动词原形。
You must finish it today.
Can I use your pen?
易错：Must I hand it in now?
否定回答用 No, you needn't. 或 No, you don't have to.
不用 mustn't，mustn't 表示“禁止”。
08六、比较级和最高级
规则变化：
tall—taller—tallest
nice—nicer—nicest
big—bigger—biggest
happy—happier—happiest
多音节：more beautiful—most beautiful
特殊变化：
good—better—best
bad—worse—worst
many / much—more—most
little—less—least
far—farther / further—farthest / furthest
句型：
A is as tall as B.
A is taller than B.
A is the tallest in his class.
易错：比较级前一般不加 the，最高级前常加 the。
12七、宾语从句
宾语从句看三点：引导词、语序、时态。
引导词：
that：陈述句
if / whether：是否
特殊疑问词：what, where, when, who, why, how
语序：陈述语序。
I know where he lives.
不能说：I know where does he live.
时态：
主句过去时，从句一般用过去时。
He said he was busy.
但客观真理用一般现在时。
He said the earth goes around the sun.
15八、定语从句
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that。
先行词是人：who / that
The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.
先行词是物：which / that
The book which / that I bought yesterday is interesting.
whose 表示所属：
I know the girl whose father is a doctor.
易错：关系代词作宾语时可以省略；介词后面不用 that / who，用 which / whom。
17九、状语从句
时间状语从句：when, while, before, after, until, as soon as
条件状语从句：if, unless
原因状语从句：because, since, as
结果状语从句：so...that
目的状语从句：so that
重点：主将从现。
主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
I will call you as soon as I arrive.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
易错：because 和 so 不同时用；although / though 和 but 不同时用。
18十、非谓语动词基础
to do：表示目的、将来。
I want to go home.
He hopes to be a doctor.
doing：表示主动、进行。
He enjoys reading.
I finish doing my homework.
done：表示被动、完成。
The story is interesting.
I am interested in it.
易错：
enjoy, finish, mind, practice 后接 doing。
want, hope, decide, plan 后接 to do。
20十一、主谓一致
第三人称单数：He goes to school.
复数主语：They go to school.
不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
The news is good.
就近原则：
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
Either you or he is right.
就远原则：
with, together with, as well as 连接时，看前面主语。
The teacher with his students is coming.
23十二、常见易混词
say / speak / tell / talk
say + 内容
speak + 语言
tell sb. sth.
talk to / with sb. about sth.
borrow / lend
borrow 借入
lend 借出
few / a few / little / a little
few 几乎没有 + 可数名词
a few 有几个 + 可数名词
little 几乎没有 + 不可数名词
a little 有一点 + 不可数名词
because / because of
because + 句子
because of + 名词 / 短语
给中学生的复习建议
建错题本，按语法点分类。
每天背5个短语，并各造一个句子。
阅读时划出从句，找主谓宾。
写作多用三大句型：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
考前重点看时态、被动语态、主谓一致和易混词。
中学英语拉开差距的，不是智商，而是语法体系和坚持。收藏起来，转给孩子，每天看10分钟，考试更稳。